Present Perfect Continuous

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We use the Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) to express actions that started in the past and continue in the present. This tense is also used to talk about actions which began in the past and have recently stopped.
Use
  1. Actions that started in the past and continue in the present
  2. Actions that have recently stopped

Time expressions

Since and for

Since and for are very common time expressions used with the Present Perfect Continuous. We use for with a period of time, for example:

I have lived here for 20 years.

When talking about a starting point, we use since with a point in time.

I have lived here since 1960.

More about time expressions

Remember that in the Present Perfect Continuous you cannot use time expressions like:
two months ago

  • one year ago
  • last week
  • yesterday
  • when I was five years old


The reason for that is they specify accurately the time when something happened (see: Use 1). You can, however, use time expressions such as:
already

  • yet
  • before
  • never
  • recently
  • at last
  • ever
  • just
  • lately

 

Is there any difference between the Present Perfect Simple and Continuous?
Read

Form
In positive sentences:

What's distinctive for this tense are: the -ing form (Present Participle) and the two auxiliary verbs. See below:

Subject + Auxiliary verb +not + Auxiliary verb + Verb +ing
I/a dog etc. has/haven been swimming etc.

My friend has been sleeping for five hours (Use 2)
(she is still sleeping or she has just woken up).

 

    Examples Use
  • She's (=she HAS) been crying in her room for half an hour now
  • (Use 1)
  • We've been waiting for a good offer to buy a car since March
  • (Use 1)
  • I've been waiting for you to come (but now you're back!)
  • (Use 2)
In questions:
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb +ing
has/have I/a dog etc. been swimming etc.

    Examples Use
  • Have you been running?
  • (Use 2)
  • Has Tom been walking the dog?
  • (Use 2)
  • How long have you been learning English?
  • (Use 1)
    Q: What have you been doing there?
    A: I've been eating
    (Use 1 or Use 2)

 

In negative sentences:
Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary verb + Verb +ing
I/a dog etc. hasn't/haven't been swimming etc.

 

    Examples Use
  • I haven't been sleeping very well recently
  • (Use 1)
  • I haven't been waiting for 50 minutes
  • (Use 2)
  • John hasn't been using his A drive for a long time
  • (Use 1)

Check your understanding

Present Perfect Continuous exercise

Present Perfect Continuous (forming; positive sentences)




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