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Past Simple
We use the Past Simple to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past. The actions can be short or long. There can also be a few actions happening one after another. Generally, there are two important facts to remember about this tense:
- Irregular verbs
- Questions and negative sentences, unlike the positive ones, preserve the base form of the verb (Did you go there?)
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| Copernicus was the first to be sure that the Sun, rather than the Earth, is the center of the Solar System. |
Use
- Events in the past that are now finished (e.g. I went to school)
- Situation in the past (they lived a normal life until they won a lottery)
- A series of actions in the past
Form
Declarative sentences:
| Subject | + | Verb + ed or an irregular form |
| I/a dog etc. | worked/went/saw |
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I saw two colorful fishes in the lake yesterday (Use 1) |
- He enter ed a room, lit a cigarette and smiled at the guests. (Use 3)
- Mary tried the soup but it was too hot to eat. (Use 1)
- I lived in New York for 10 years (I don't live there anymore) (Use 2)
- They saw us playing football. (Use 1)
- He married a woman who lived in the same village. (Use 1)
Questions:
| Auxiliary verb | + | Subject | + | Verb |
| did | I/a cat/my brother and I | go/take |
- How long did he work there? (Use 2 or Use 1)
- Did the telephone ring? (Use 1)
- Did you see that? (Use 1)
Note: When the subject is unknown ("who", "what") we omit "did"
- Who cleaned up the mess yesterday?
- What bit you?
Common time expressions (time adverbials) in the Past Simple:
yesterday, the other day, just now, the day before yesterday.
yesterday, the other day, just now, the day before yesterday.
Negative sentences:
| Subject | + | Auxiliary verb | + | Verb |
| I/a cat etc. | didn't | go/take |
- He didn't learn any Italian when he was in Italy two year ago. (Use 2)
- I wasn't at my grandma's when you came. (Use 1)
- He didn't get any good grades when he attended school. (Use 3)
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I met my old friend from school yesterday and she looked really weird. |